NITROCHEM by Chemisis Pharmaceuticals contains Nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic used primarily to treat and prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Nitrofurantoin is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The sustained release formulation ensures a gradual release of the medication, providing prolonged antibacterial action and reducing the frequency of dosing. Nitrofurantoin works by interfering with various bacterial enzyme systems, leading to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. This makes it particularly effective for targeting bacteria that cause UTIs. The typical dosage for NITROCHEM is one 100 mg tablet taken twice daily, with meals to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal side effects. It is important to complete the full course of the medication, even if symptoms improve before the course is finished, to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Common side effects may include nausea, headache, flatulence, and diarrhea. Serious side effects are rare but can include lung reactions, liver toxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. Patients with a history of kidney disease, liver disease, or lung disease should inform their healthcare provider before starting treatment.